Arrange by earliest year first.
Chaplin, P. (2015).
Chaplin, P. (2022).
Arrange with single author entries first; followed by multiple author entries (do not arrange by date).
Wilson, B. P. (2022).
Wilson, B. P., & Burns, G. S. (2023).
Place lower case letters (a, b, c, etc) immediately after the year, within parentheses.
Mulligan, J. N. (2021a). Transport ...
Mulligan, J. N. (2021b). Equality ...
Spell out the full name of the group author.
Example: National Centre for Vocational Education Research
Where no publication date is evident, write n.d. in parentheses
Example: (n.d.).
Use Arabic numerals for volume numbers of books and journals (not Roman numerals)
Example: Vol. 4 (not Vol. IV)
For more APA referencing examples please refer to ERNI Easy Referencing
A hanging indent is required. Indent the second and subsequent lines of the reference. Example:
Smith, P. (2021). Social norms and matters of social class evident in the first
decade of nineteenth century western Europe. Berlin, Germany: Schumann.
Include: all references that document the article and provide recoverable data (APA Style Guide, p.180).
Exclude: personal communications, such as letters, memoranda, and informal electronic communication (cite personal communication only in text), and other items that are not possible for the reader to recover or access (APA Style Guide, p.180).
Source: American Psychological Association 2019, Publication manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th edn, American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.